《aliens in the moon》


 Chapter 1: Map of Antarctica on Parchment

    In 1929, at the Serai Library in Istanbul, Turkey, a nautical map drawn on parchment was discovered, which of course was not the original, but an exquisite reproduction. The map has the signature of the Turkish Admiral Piri Rice and is dated 1513 AD. According to the investigation, Rice does have someone, he is the nephew of the famous pirate Mar Rice. A person who has lived by the sea all his life has nothing to do with a nautical chart, but his chart is different. This map accurately draws the outlines of both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, and the geographic locations of North and South America are also accurate, especially the Amazon River Basin in South America and Cape Horn in the Gulf of Venezuela are also marked very accurately. What is even more amazing is that this map actually clearly draws the outline of entire Antarctica, and also draws the coastline and Antarctica on both sides of the Antarctic continent, which is now covered by several kilometers of ice. Mountains, especially in the Quimorand region.


    Antarctica is now recognized as being discovered in 1818, more than 300 years after Rice''s map and the Antarctic continent was covered by ice more than 15,000 years ago. This map shows that before the Antarctic continent was covered by ice and snow, someone had drawn the geographical appearance at that time. However, humans were still in the primitive stone age 15,000 years ago. At that time, it was impossible to reach the Antarctic region surrounded by sea, and there was no advanced culture for drawing maps. So who is the original author of this map?


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    In 1531, Oroncius Vernaeus also had an ancient map, and the size and shape of Antarctica marked on it were the same as those drawn by modern people. This map shows that the western part of the Antarctic continent has been covered by ice and snow, while the eastern part still has landed. According to geophysicists, about 6,000 years ago, eastern Antarctica was relatively warm, which matches the situation reflected in Fernaius'' map.


    Another map of Turkey in 1559 also accurately depicts the Pacific coastline of the Antarctic continent and North America, and surprisingly, there is a narrow strip on this map that connects Siberia and Alaska like a bridge, which is undoubtedly the current Bering Strait area on the map. However, the Bering Strait has been formed for over 10,000 years, and this area between Siberia and Alaska disappeared under the blue waters then. For some reason, the author of this map knows the topography of the earth more than 10,000 years ago, which is incredible.


    Another strange thing happened on some maps of ancient Greece from the time of the Ptolemies. From this map, people can see that the whole of Sweden is still buried under a thick layer of ice, and the age of this geological change has been very far away.


    Are these maps correct? It has been debated for a long time. In 1952, the U.S. Navy used advanced echo-sounding technology to discover the mountains covered by Antarctic ice, which were the same as Piri Rice''s map. This is no less than the explosion of a giant bomb on the top of the scientist''s head, and a series of questions arose in addition to the shock: who drew such an accurate map more than 10,000 years ago joke?

 Chapter 2: Archaeological Discoveries in China

    n 1965, in the No. 1 Chu tomb excavated in Jiangling, Hubei, China, the Yue King Goujian sword was discovered. The sword is 55.7 cm long, 4.6 cm wide, and 5 cm wide. The body of the sword is full of black rhombus geometric dark patterns. The front and back of the sword grid are also inlaid with blue glaze and turquoise to form beautiful patterns. The hilt is bound with silk threads. The grid is engraved with two lines of bird seal inscriptions "Goujian, King of Yue, self-acting sword".


    This sword has been buried for more than 2,000 years, and it is still extremely sharp. There is a record at that time: "The sword is drawn out of the sheath, and the cold light is shining. There is no rust, and the blade is thin and sharp. I tried it with paper, and it was broken in more than 20 layers." The question that arises is: why did it not rust over the long years of thousands of years?


    In December 1977, experts from the Electrostatic Accelerator Laboratory of Fudan University in Shanghai, together with the Activation Analysis Group of Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, carried out non-destructive scientific testing on the Yue KING Goujian sword using proton X fluorescence non-vacuum analysis method and obtained the sword body. The accurate data sheet for bronze alloy distribution ratios. The main components of the Yue King Goujian sword are bronze alloys composed of copper, tin, and a small amount of aluminum, iron, nickel, and sulfur. The black rhombus pattern of the blade is vulcanized, and the level of precision grinding of the blade is comparable to the products produced by modern precision grinding machines. The regular 11 concentric circles are carved with an interval of only 0.2 mm, and there are thin rope patterns in the middle of the circles, which is impossible to achieve with modern lathe technology.


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    The most notable of these is the conclusion of "vulcanization". Simply put, "vulcanization" is to dilute some substances and wrap them on the surface of an object. Scholars believe that the Yue King Goujian sword was treated with copper sulfide to prevent rust and maintain the gorgeous pattern. However, many merchants and individuals who imitated "Yue King Goujian Sword" later found after countless comparisons that the closest to the original "coating" of "Yue King Goujian Sword" was only chromium sulfide, not copper sulfide.


    In this way, a question arises: Did the Chinese in the Spring and Autumn Period master the technology of "vulcanization"? It is said that "chromium sulfide" was invented in Germany in 1937 and in the United States in 1950, and listed as a patent.


    In fact, such incredible technological elements are not alone in China. Yuan Zhongyi''s "Study of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang" has this sentence: "A bronze sword in the eleventh hole of Pit No. 1 Terracotta Warriors and Horses, T2, was unearthed and bent due to being pressed by the fragments of the terracotta figurines. When the fragments of the terracotta figurines were removed, The sword immediately rebounded and straightened." This involves a term "memory metal", also known as shape memory alloy, which appeared in the world of material science in the 1970s.


    Since there is no detailed description in the original text, people will naturally come to the conclusion that a bronze sword of the Qin Dynasty was bent by the fragments of the pottery figurines for thousands of years. . Because a fire broke out in the early stage of the construction of Pit No. 1, many traces of fire were found during the excavation, which may have something to do with the Chu Bawang entering the pass and burning the Epang Palace. In this way, this sword may have been pressed for more than 2,200 years.


    Or some people say: it may just be that the debris accidentally dropped during the excavation hit the sword. But will such a small accident be seriously written in the research report?

 Chapter 3: Ancient Knowledge

    In 1865, a round skull was discovered in France, which belonged to the Stone Age. After the identification by the anatomist Professor Paul Bailuojia, he came to a conclusion that shocked the world: as early as the Stone Age, people were performing brain surgery. Hundreds more skulls were later found around the world.


    In 1995, an adult male, aged between 35 and 45, was found in Tomb No. 392 at the Dawenkou Cultural Site of Fujia, Guangrao, Shandong, China, more than 5,000 years ago. When people cleaned up the dirt on the specimen, people were surprised to find that there was a round hole in the back of the right parietal bone of the tomb owner''s skull...


    In early April 2001, the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture invited some experts from the archaeological and medical circles in the province to conduct a preliminary identification of the main craniotomy of the tomb of Fujia No. 392 in Guangrao. The final conclusion is that this person had a craniotomy, and the operation was successful, and the patient survived for at least another two years after the operation.


    This is not the only case of craniotomy in ancient China. According to records, the Duke of Taicang once opened a human skull and rearranged the brain, about 150 BC.


    Similarly, many unsolved mysteries in the world are still lying quietly in some ancient libraries. From the ancient documents preserved in these libraries, we read about a civilized society that is familiar to us.


    Around 306 BC, Ptolemy I, the successor of the Macedonian king Alexander, began to build the Library of Alexandria, which grew in size over the generations. It collects all the written transcripts in the world, whether they are bought, stolen, or copied. And the Macedonian king wrote letters to "all sovereign nations" asking to borrow their books. At the same time, scholars from all over the world gathered here, so the research center of the West was transferred from Athens to Alexandria. Euclid, Eratosthenes, Herophilas, and Callimachus, these radiant figures in history, all studied here.


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    So how many books are in this library? Nobody knows for sure. However, according to later studies, it is estimated that there are at least 200,000 volumes of books, and some people estimate that it may reach 700,000 volumes, and the popular saying is usually called 500,000 volumes. Most of these books are Eastern documents, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. It is unclear whether there are Chinese documents.


    So what exactly is in this library? There is an ancient Greek astronomer named Aristarchus, who once served as the curator of the library. In the documents he left behind, it was found that he was the first person to propose that the earth rotates and revolves around the sun. Copernicus''s "heliocentrology" predates 1800. In fact, this is not what he found, but what he read from the books in the collection.


    The Jewish classic Kabbalah also says: "The earth inhabited by man revolves like a ball. When some of its inhabitants are below, others are above. When it is dark in a certain part of the earth, In other areas it is the day. Also, while people in one area are welcoming the dawn, other areas are shrouded in night.¡± Curiously, Kabbalah is clearly not the discoverer of this idea, and it is also a paraphrase of more ancient documents.


    As we all know, medieval Copernicus first advocated the heliocentric theory, that the earth revolves around the sun. In order to insist on this scientific discovery, he was burned by the Italian church on the charge of heresy in the Piazza del Flowers. And the several documents we mentioned above are hundreds of years before Copernicus and some even thousands of years. In this way, Bruno''s death is simply a malicious joke played by fate.


    In the 18th century, there was a famous writer named Svevault, who was very attentive to ancient documents. While studying some ancient documents, he learned that Mars has two moons, and made this discovery public. More than 150 years later, astronomers found two moons around Mars, one named Phobos and the other named Timos, in 1877. Moreover, the law and cycle of the two satellites observed by astronomers are actually very close to the results obtained by Svevault from ancient documents.


    In fact, many of the scientific discoveries of medieval European astronomers came not so much from observations of the sky as from the books of the ancients. However, where did the knowledge recorded in ancient texts come from? Where has the master of knowledge gone?

 Chapter 4: Confused

    Faced with the above discoveries beyond our existing knowledge, people can''t help but be confused, what is the problem? What we must face up to is the craniotomy tens of thousands of years ago, the wonderful but accurate ancient maps, and a lot of metal smelting techniques and various knowledge of unknown origin. In other words, we have to make a reasonable explanation for the strange phenomenon that a group of primitive people using clumsy stone tools are drinking Coca-Cola and watching a high-definition color TV. The impossible happened in impossible times, and that''s the crux of the problem.


    theory and fact


    Now, even the most conservative and serious scholars have to admit that in the face of a lot of confusing data: perhaps our previous scientific research has underestimated the degree of early human civilization. Although this pragmatic attitude is a big step forward from the previous Yelang arrogance, it still does not jump out of the circle of existing theories.


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    Now, we must re-understand human history, especially the history of prehistoric civilizations.


    History is what happened in the past. Although we are trying hard to find the truth of each historical event, the results are not satisfactory. It is even blunt to say that the history we know is actually the history we want to know, perhaps the history the ancients wanted to tell us. Not the original historical truth. Why do you say that? Historical research must rely on abundant data, but it is precisely in the data that there is trouble. All the unearthed physical materials are the most credible materials, but they can''t tell us anything directly. A pair of unearthed human skeleton fossils can''t directly tell us who he is, how old he is, how he died, etc., which requires historians to guess. The physical data is so, and the literature data is not much better. Most of the literature is just what previous people wanted to tell you. They didn''t want to tell you or didn''t think it was necessary to tell you much more than they wanted to tell you, and a lot of them told you the wrong thing.

 Chapter 5: History of Civilization

    So history put it bluntly, it needs to use our experience and wisdom to guess, some guessed right and some guessed wrong. For example, we think we have a better understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty society, but in 1988, a large number of Tang Dynasty cultural relics were unearthed at Famen Temple in Shaanxi. We have been mistaking the names of many objects in the Tang Dynasty.


    So what is history? It is blunt to say that the history we know is all assumptions, especially for the history before there are written records, the existing historical theory building is based on assumptions.


    First, let''s take a look at what historians have assumed.


    The general scientific community regards the appearance of writing as an important symbol for defining civilization. Usually, people refer to the history after the appearance of writing as the history of human civilization, while the history before writing is regarded as prehistory. Since the last century, countries around the world have begun to conduct large-scale archaeological excavations of ancient cultures. Collecting the archaeological results of the past century, people have found that the appearance of writing is not long, no more than 6,000 years at most. According to the degree of civilization development, the academic circles ranked China, India, Egypt, and Babylon at the top of the list, known as the "Four Ancient Civilizations".


    So far, the earliest writing found in Egypt originated from about 4000 BC and 6000 years ago; in the 1920s, people found many preserved stone tools, pottery, ivory, and other objects in places where ancient Indians lived. Strange symbols, after research and judgment, these symbols are some pronunciation symbols, and there are also some ideographic symbols, which can be regarded as ancient Indian characters, and their age is about 2500 BC; in the 1930s, people in Assyria A relatively well-preserved ancient library, roughly equivalent to the National Archives, was found in the ruins of the ancient city during the time of King Banaba. It contained more than 20,000 clay tablets, which were inscribed with cuneiform hieroglyphs. The clay tablet document, which is representative of the ancient Babylonian culture, dates from about 3500 BC and 5500 years ago.


    The oldest writing in China is the oracle bone script, which was produced around the time of the Shang and Zhou dynasties and recorded the activities of our ancestors more than 3000 BC. However, since oracle bone inscriptions are relatively mature characters, experts speculate that the actual age of Chinese characters may be longer. A few years ago, archaeologists discovered a 6,000-year-old "Goddess Temple" site in the area of ??Niuheliang, Liaoning Province, on a large scale. At the same time, many exquisite cultural relics were unearthed. Among them, the head of the goddess is lifelike, which can be regarded as the best among the handicrafts. Unfortunately, no text has been found. However, judging from the degree of its craftsmanship, this is a site with a fairly high degree of civilization, and characters can appear.


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    Therefore, from the perspective of the appearance of writing, our generation of civilization has only 6,000 years, which is the upper limit of human civilization that can be determined. All our scientific achievements today have been developed over 6,000 years. Before that, a civilization similar to ours couldn''t appear today. This is the conclusion of history.


    So, what were human beings like 6,000 years ago? Without any written records, there are only a large number of unearthed physical materials. Based on these physical materials and reasonable speculation, historians have painted us such a picture of prehistoric history:


    About 2 million years ago, humans who just evolved from apes entered the Paleolithic period. They lived in group marriages like a group of beasts, living naked in caves or big trees, and using simple processing natural tools. , such as stones, sticks, etc. to hunt wild animals and collect various edible plants. This period is very long, and every tiny progress of primitive humans is recorded on stone axes, stone chips, and various bone tools.


    About 10,000 years ago, human beings began to enter the Neolithic Age. They began to know how to make more delicate tools, including stone tools and bone tools. At the same time, they invented fire, they knew cooked food, and then slowly, they invented knotting to keep track of things. , invented the picture. About 4000 B.C., they had words, walked out of the shadow of ignorance, and ushered in the dawn of civilization. This is the system of prehistoric history that historians have painstakingly constructed.


    But we can¡¯t help but ask: Is this the case in history?


    In the past 100 years, with the development of science and technology, archaeological methods have become increasingly scientific. People have discovered a large number of prehistoric sites in places that historians have not noticed before. Although we have not been able to interpret the correct meaning of these relics and sites, one thing is certain, that is, the meaning of these relics and ruins is still quite different from the viewpoint of modern traditional historiography. Among them, the history from 10,000 BC to 4,000 BC is the most inconceivable, with extremely prominent fault characteristics. For example, the Indian Mahenjodhamma discovered in the 1940s is divided into several layers that overlap each other, and the next layer is more advanced than the previous layer of civilization. The unearthed gold and silver jewelry and various hand ornaments are so well made that people today are amazed. The archaeologist Marshall once said: "It is so well made and highly polished that these things seem to come from today. Jewelry in First Street, London."


    The great contrast between the historical system and the new archaeological discovery lies before us, and their conflict is so acute: one must choose between the two which is right and the other which is wrong. There seems to be no middle way.

 Chapter 6: The Big Bang Theory

    Around 500 BC, a very, very strange phenomenon suddenly appeared in human history: in less than 200 years, a group of great thinkers exploded in the world, and their appearance framed The pattern of human social life and spiritual culture for thousands of years.


    In China: Lao Tzu was born around 571 BC, Confucius around 551 BC, and Mozi around 468 BC.


    In India: Buddha was born around 623 BC, and the Fifty Upanishads appeared at the same time.


    In Persia: Zoroaster was born about 660 BC.


    In ancient Greece: Heraclitus was born in 540 BC, Socrates in 468 BC, and Plato in 427 BC.


    This isn''t a complete list, but we''ve been blown away. Have you found that these people lived less than 200 years before and after the fifth century BC?


    Most of the people on this list are known, and perhaps the only one who feels relatively unfamiliar is Zoroaster. This person is an ancient Persian, and he has also translated it as Zarathustra. Nietzsche wrote a famous philosophical book called "Thus Spoke Zarathustra", under the guise of this ancient name of a Persian philosopher.


    Zoroaster''s birth and death years are also unknown. According to Zoroastrian oral histories, he was born around 8000 BC. But this claim is just a legend, and there is no written data or unearthed cultural relics to prove it. It is more credible that Zoroaster founded Zoroastrianism in 660 BC, commonly known as Zoroastrianism, which was introduced to China during the Wei and Jin Dynasties.


    Zoroaster, like many people of his day, could neither read nor write. After his death, people recorded his remarks in a book, this is "Avesta", as a Zoroastrian classic, some people call it "Persian ancient scriptures". The book was first recorded in writing during the reign of Darius I. There are two copies of the legend. When Alexander the Great conquered Persia, one of them was destroyed in the fire of war, and the other was brought to ancient Greece, where it ended in unknown.


    It is said that this book is huge, written on 1,200 pieces of cowhide, with rich content, and involves a lot of advanced knowledge, so this book has always been called the book of knowledge and wisdom. However, it is very regrettable that most of this book has been lost, and only a small part remains.


    Zoroastrianism founded on Zoroastrianism and the ancient Persian scriptures had a huge influence and a non-negligible influence on the religions of Mesopotamia and India at that time. For example, the main god of Zoroastrianism is Ahura, the god of wisdom, and he is the common Asura in Buddhist scriptures.


    Well, Zoroastrian teaching is a historical mystery, and the details may never be known. Leave it alone for now, and turn around and look at the achievements of this big explosion of ideas.


    When the clock of history pointed to around 500 BC, a great ideological revolution broke out in ancient Greece in Europe, India, China, Persia in Asia, and the Jews almost at the same time, affecting almost all human beings in the next few thousand years. All the thoughts, at that moment, suddenly spewed out from the depths of the brains of these great men, like an instantaneous eruption of a volcano. The emergence of these ideas has almost established the principles of human activities for the next few thousand years, such as the principles of religion, the principles of man and man, man and society, man and nature, the essence, meaning, status, and so on of human beings. Taking China as an example, the three schools of Confucianism, Taoism, and Mohism that originated at that time still have a profound impact on people''s thinking even today and have even been internalized into a way of thinking.


    There is another feature of this ideological explosion that makes future generations sigh, that is - save mankind! The ancients did not know what kind of thinking, with a kind of transcendental wisdom, compassion, and compassion, caring for the soul and spirit of human beings, and endowed this ideological explosion with an extremely strong sense of mission. Why do you say that?


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    First of all, this explosion produced three very influential religious thoughts and finally formed three religions that have influenced thousands of years: Laozi''s Taoism, which eventually formed China''s native Taoism; Shakyamunii''s thought of reincarnation, which eventually formed the far-reaching Buddhism; Zoroaster''s thought of good and evil, and finally formed Zoroastrianism. The purpose of religion is to point directly to the heart, to free the human soul from the bondage of sin and worldliness. It can be said that it saves the human soul.


    Secondly, this explosion produced a large number of "ethical philosophies", such as the Chinese Confucianism, which is a kind of moral philosophy; almost in the same period as the Indian "Fifty Upanishads" produced a large number of moral ethics. The purpose of "ethical philosophy" is to regulate the relationship between man and man, man and society, and in the final analysis, to save society.


    Thirdly, although ancient Greek philosophy is based on rational natural science, its focus is still on human beings. It hopes to save human beings from the flesh and free human thinking from irrationality.


    Since then, human beings have never cared about their spiritual world on such a large scale, and even given up respect for the soul and turned to care about their flesh and senses. If we say that the ideological explosion in the fifth century BC was the theory of spiritual supremacy and spiritual civilization, then the subsequent civilizations were material supremacy and material civilization. Objectively speaking, our material civilization has made great progress and has left the soul far behind.


    Think about how terrifying it is. A group of soulless people is running around the earth, just like the ancient Chinese god of war "Xingtian" who had his head beheaded, blindly waving the weapon in his hand and slashing the earth beyond recognition. What is even more irritating is that these brainless people dare to write clearly on their banner: Humans do not need souls!


    Humans should stop and think carefully: what are we trying to create for? What kind of life do we need? How should we treat the world around us? It can no longer proceed without a head. Human beings need reflection, and the model of civilization needs reflection even more. Remember the criticism of us in the Mahabharata: "Going to ignorance in creation"!


    We look back at the light produced by this explosion today. Although more than 2,500 years later, it is still so dazzling and dazzling. It can be said that in the past 200 years, human beings have suddenly reached the peak of their thinking, and no one has surpassed it yet. People can only face this insurmountable wisdom with infinite shame while reading the sage''s classics over and over again.


    Some may disagree with this view, and they will cite the "Renaissance" of the 14th century AD as evidence. Yes, the "Renaissance" is indeed a rare ideological revolution in modern times. At that time, a large number of cultural people gathered in Florence, Italy. During their exchanges and discussions, they finally brewed an ideological movement with far-reaching significance for today''s civilization. A group of well-known figures like Leonardo da Vinci.


    But objectively speaking, the "Renaissance" is not a creation, it is a return to the natural sciences of ancient Greece, and a return to the spirit of science. The ancient Greek civilization completely declined in the era of the Roman Empire, and Europe entered a dark period of more than 500 years. When the Crusaders invaded eastward, the Europeans were fortunate to retrieve their lost civilization from the Arabs. From the perspective of reflection, this literary and artistic movement was a failure. It did not inherit the essence of the big explosion of ideas but inherited its dross¡ªthe ancient Greek civilization.


    At the same time, the "Renaissance" movement did not create any new ideas, and no one person''s achievements can be compared with those of the Big Bang period. Not only that but in the next few thousand years, there has never been a person like Buddha or Lao Tzu in the world. For example, everyone in China''s Wei and Jin metaphysics and Zhu Cheng''s philosophy, are only the successors of ideas, or the masters, not the creators.


    However, there is still no satisfactory explanation for the reason for this explosion of ideas. But what is certain is that the cause of this explosion has nothing to do with the latter, it is only related to the civilization before more than 500 BC. So, what kind of opportunity made human beings suddenly acquire such great wisdom?


    Let us stand at the starting point of 500 BC, go back to the history of mankind, and find all the answers that puzzle us.


    To do this, we must pay special attention to early human mythology and folklore of all kinds, the closest on Earth to the era we are about to explore.


    Let''s rediscover the ancient myths!

 Chapter 7: Mythology with the Third Eye

    It has been said that myths are fairy tales in human childhood. Indeed, ancient myths have no frame, no restrictions, simple and natural, Pangu can lift the sky with one hand; Gonggong can knock down a mountain with one hand; Kuafu can drink the Yellow River with two mouthfuls; Xingtian was cut down. The head can also use the milk as its eyes and the navel as its mouth, waving its stems to fight. Can we modern people think like this? Not. If others don''t laugh at you, you will feel embarrassed yourself. why? Because there are many lines in the mind, there are also many frames. There is no freedom at all for those who have been put on the ground in prison.


    How old is a myth? This is not clear, you say it is 6,000 years old, it is not an exaggeration, you say it is 20,000 years old, it is not an exaggeration, even if you say it is only two years old, this is the vitality of mythology. Humanity is passed on from generation to generation, and our ancestors told us these myths at dusk, and when we become ancestors, we will tell the same myths to our descendants at dusk. As long as new life is born on Earth, myths will always be the same age as this new life.


    So, what is a myth? There are not many people who can answer this question. Even if there are some answers, you have to be very careful, because there are many misunderstandings about myths circulating in modern times, especially the misunderstandings from the so-called experts. will be deceived. Now let''s walk into the myth without any prejudice, and you will naturally conclude what a myth is.


    Historian Gu Jiegang has a complete set of theories about mythology. He believes that mythology is a "historical theory of layers and layers." What does that mean? For example, when we move bricks from one place to another, we only find out that the first brick to be moved is always at the bottom, and the last brick to be moved will be at the top. When Gu Jiegang was studying Chinese mythology, he found that Chinese mythology seems to have the above characteristics. The more ancient the gods, the later they appeared. For example, the Yellow Emperor can be said to be the oldest and largest god in China. He is the one who created mankind. However, the formation of the Yellow Emperor was quite late, and it began to form around the Spring and Autumn Period. Therefore, the history reflected in myths is a history of layers and layers. In this way, myths are made up by primitive people, and they are relentlessly made up from generation to generation. With the progress of society, people''s ability to fabricate myths has become higher and higher, so new myths have replaced old myths, and the myths we see are all new myths.


    Gu Jiegang''s theory has influenced people''s research on myths for a long time, and everyone has invariably formed such a view: myths! It''s nothing more than a primitive man''s imagination. It sounds funny, but it''s meaningless. In a word, in the eyes of experts, myths are myths and cannot be regarded as history at all.


    On the surface, mythology is an appendage of religion. When the primitive people are very backward, whenever they hold major religious sacrifices, the oldest and most knowledgeable priests of this tribe will tell people about their origins since the beginning of the world. Tribal mythology. Nowadays, the myths of many primitive tribes in the world are included in the congratulations or eulogies during the sacrifice. For example, most of the myths of the Yao people in China are included in the "Miroduo". During the event, it was sung and passed down by the masters (shamans) of the nation. Because of this feature of myth, it becomes more illusory like religion in people''s eyes.


    Max Muller said: "Myth is a disease of language." Fraser said: Myth is "a false interpretation of either human life or external natural phenomena." Freud thought: "Myth''s view of the world is mostly just the psychology projected on the external world." Myth is the precipitation of unconscious process, "Myth is a collective psychology, not an individual psychology." Some even say that myth is the "early physics of all metamorphosis". In short, in the eyes of experts and scholars, myth is the spiritual fantasy of primitive people or something produced under a special psychological activity.


    Myths are far from being as simple as one might think.


    In the sense that myth is essentially a means of information accumulation and transmission, it seems more accurate to understand myth as a form of historical narrative. Because we believe that the early appearance of myth is not deliberately fabricated by some people, it should be a true representation of human knowledge and experience. Engels believed that primitive religion was spontaneous, and that spontaneous religion "had no deceitful elements when it came into existence", and what Engels said about primitive religion was equally applicable to myth. Myth is a form of oral history.


    Of course, in the process of the formation and dissemination of myths, due to the limitation of the level of knowledge, due to the mistakes of human compilation, and also because the myth itself needs to integrate, digest, and merge the content of other myths of the same type in the development, the myth has been lost on the one hand. The original appearance, on the other hand, is severely distorted. But no matter how it evolves, the essence of its oral history will not change.


    When Western scholars came to the ancient African continent, they quickly realized that the importance of oral history could not be overemphasized. They found that the backward tribes attached great importance to oral history far beyond the imagination of modern people. They regarded oral legends not only as the transmission of knowledge but as a sacred and great cause. Once the people in the tribe who have mastered the content and skills of oral legends are old, the tribe will hold a grand ceremony to select the successor. Those who are selected must receive training for more than 20 years. All myths and legends, but also the ability to weave into the latest events of the tribe. This discovery by Western scholars further confirms the credibility of myths and legends. read


    We believe that what primitive people want to tell future generations in mythology is not just a fantastic fantasy, let alone a boundless dream, it is to tell us something real, some history that happened in which era of the event. So what exactly is it?


    In the 20th century, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann believed that myths are not all imaginary worlds, which contain some historical reality. Taking the vague hints implicit in Homer''s epic as the only clue, he searched for the legendary city of Troy in various countries and finally found its ruins. Before that, the academic community had always believed that the city of Troy in Homer was a fictional city.


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    The Indians living in South America still have such an ancient myth: "A pillar of fire fell from the sky." However, according to the location provided by this myth, geologists found a crater there. Thus confirming a certain authenticity of the myth.


    According to Sumerian clay tablets, there were five cities of Elideu, Babqibila, Larak, Hippal, and Shulpak before the Great Flood. If the records and legends about the Great Flood are considered fictitious, then the records in the clay tablets must also be considered absurd. But archaeologists found three of the five cities "before the Flood" at precisely the locations provided by the tablet documents.


    The earliest slave societies in China were the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. This arrangement is found in oracle bone inscriptions, as well as in the writings of pre-Qin scholars. In ancient Chinese myths and legends, not only did Yu control the waters, pass the throne to Xia Qi, and establish the Xia Dynasty. There are records, and there is also a legend that Jian Di devoured the eggs of Xuanbird to give birth to the ancestor of the Shang family. However, for a long time, historians have been skeptical about the above records, thinking that the Xia and Shang dynasties were probably not real dynasties, but ideal societies in the legends of the ancients. Since the 1930s, large-scale archaeological excavations have confirmed the authenticity of ancient records and myths, and legends. From a large number of unearthed cultural relics, people not only confirmed the existence of the Shang Dynasty but also found the Xia culture layer, once again It proves that the mythological records cannot be ignored.


    Myths may be unfamiliar to everyone, but the folklore is something that almost every one of us can encounter in our life. It is very close to us. The principles of folklore are very similar to myths in many places. If we travel to various places, we can often hear local people talking about some legends in the region, and many of these legends themselves are explanations for the phenomenon that the ancients did not understand. For example, the legend about a ginseng baby in the northeast region is Very popular, this legend just wants to tell people that there are many ginseng in the local area! There are also some legends related to the products or minerals in this area. For example, in some areas it is said that golden horses are running, so there must be gold in these areas. Therefore, behind any kind of legend, there is an objective basis for its generation, which is the explanation of some incomprehensible phenomenon.


    Objectively speaking, human beings have a very limited understanding of their history. According to archaeological evidence, human beings have appeared on the earth for millions of years (this is the view of history textbooks and not our view), but we can be very good The history we know is only a few thousand years old. Take China as an example. Although there were oracle bone inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty more than 5,000 years ago, our understanding is still very limited, because the oracle bone inscriptions themselves are very difficult to understand. Now we can understand some of the characteristics of the oracle bones. , but whether it is right or wrong, we do not know, everyone has their solution, which is very subjective. In the beginning, Guo Moruo was known as a master of oracle bones, but now it seems that his statement is not beyond dispute. This is the case for the Shang Dynasty, and we are even more obsessed with the Xia Dynasty, and we are not even sure which are the cultural layers of the Shang Dynasty and which are the cultural layers of the Xia Dynasty. What about before the Xia Dynasty?


    In the history before the Xia Dynasty, we can only rely on the data of archaeological excavations to study, but from these data, we can only draw some basic judgments because these data can not tell people what happened at that time. Therefore, to study the Chinese primitive society before the Xia Dynasty, we must not only rely on physical archaeology but should make more use of primitive myths and legends. In these oral documents, there is a large amount of historical truth that has disappeared.


    For example, almost all people who study myths are puzzled by one phenomenon: similar civilizations! In ancient times, cultural exchanges between regions had not yet been formed, and the civilizations of each region had great independence. For example, between the African continent and the Australian continent, because of the Pacific Ocean, in the pre-BC era, the Australian aborigines were It impossible to go to the African continent or any other continent by canoe. However, people have found that in their closed early myths and legends systems, the myths of various regions and ethnic groups in the world are surprisingly similar, such as the record of the Great Flood, the record of the ten days, the record of God''s creation of man, The records of the disappearance of the sun, the records of the chaotic world... are so strikingly consistent that one has to suspect that they came from the same background, different accounts of the same event, which in turn proves that myths and legends are not simple fantasies.


    Therefore, when studying prehistoric civilizations, there is no other source on earth that is more direct than myths and legends. Before words and paintings were produced, human beings only had language. In the era of language but no words, primitive people could only rely on oral forms to transmit knowledge and trace history from generation to generation. This is the source of myths and legends. From the perspective of time alone, the source of myths was deeply buried in the brains of primitive people long before the emergence of writing. If 6,000 years ago was the beginning of the history of human civilization, then myths were formed and circulated in society earlier than the history of civilization. I don''t know how many years, maybe thousands of years, tens of thousands of years, that is to say, for people on earth, myth is the only oldest recorded form of that age that is close to our unknown.


    Among the myths of all ethnic groups in the world, Chinese myths have great historical value. Many people relish ancient Greek mythology and then accuse Chinese mythology of having no system. This is completely unreasonable. The existing ancient Greek mythology has been out of its original state because Westerners found that mythology contains too many unreasonable and immoral elements, so there has been a "justification of mythology" movement, which is to used later people. The moral outlook and world outlook have re-adapted the myth. Although this kind of myth seems very systematic, its historical value is minimal. It is no longer an oral history, but a falsification of future history.


    And Chinese mythology has always been in the "original ecology". Since ancient times, people have always recorded mythology without doing too much post-processing on it. Therefore, the role of oral history in Chinese mythology is more obvious. From the perspective of time, Chinese mythology has not been broken. It is a historical record with the largest period in the world, from the ancient gods in the legend to the appearance of writing. From a formal point of view, Chinese mythology retains its original appearance. Compared with ancient Greek mythology, there are few traces of posthumanization, so it retains the most valuable materials of prehistoric people.


    With the further development of science and technology, human beings have made breakthroughs one after another in astronomy, archaeology, biology, anthropology, etc. In this case, can we look at these from a newer perspective? What about myth?

 Chapter 8: What is God

    Is there a general God in the world? Leave this issue aside. As far as religion is concerned, it is the product of human nature in a repressed environment. In their bones, human beings never believe in any gods, never worship any gods, but only believe in themselves and only worship themselves. And the key point that enables humans to worship is ability. If Moses hadn''t split the Red Sea and led the Israelites out of Egypt; if what came out of the alchemy furnace of Taishang Laojun was not an immortal golden elixir, but an ordinary baked potato; if...whether there will be religion in the world is still a question.


    When human beings are relatively weak in their ability to grasp nature, we regard the ability to grasp nature as gods or regard any intelligent creatures that can grasp nature as gods. When man''s ability to conquer nature becomes stronger with the development of productive forces, we take back some of the power from God. That is, the more powerful the human beings, the less power the gods have. If we could one day govern the entire universe with the laws of physics, there would certainly be no gods by then. To put it bluntly, the object of religious worship is a man rather than a god, and what people worship is the future man.


    This view is also suitable for the situation when "God" really exists because what impresses humans is not God''s form, but God''s power, which has a lot of evidence in prehistoric mythology. In the primitive myths of various nations in the world, the form of gods is not preserved, and what is left in large numbers are only incomparably powerful abilities. We call them "magic powers", the legend of the Arabian magic lamp, and the seventy-two magical powers of the Chinese Monkey King. Wait, without these powers, these gods are just like us, and we wouldn''t worship them. God is the power itself and the carrier of power.


    Of course, modern orthodoxy does not recognize the existence of gods in religions and primitive myths, because primitive people imagine gods out of thin air. Since there are no gods, myths are of course nonsense.


    So, are the gods and spirits in the prehistoric civilization of human beings imagined out of thin air, or is there a certain factual basis?


    "What is God?" This is a serious and absurd question raised by people in the process of studying the worship of gods, myths, and idols of early humans in recent years. The reason for this problem is as follows: it is generally believed that after the primitive people personified the power of nature, they produced the first gods, attached the history and viewpoints of the early human struggle with nature to these gods, and produced beautiful Fascinating myths. But the science of thinking also tells us that human imagination is not a wild horse, it is also subject to certain constraints. No matter how strange a god is, it is always created with the reality of some reality as a background; no matter how strange a myth, it can eventually find its original material in reality and desire. For example, human beings express the dream of flying with the wings of a bird, and express the wish of "god walking" with a story of "quick shoes".


    For everyone to better understand the mysterious concept of "God" in religion, let''s first look at a real process of creating gods that took place in our age!


    During World War II, the U.S. Navy occupied a small island in the South Pacific in 1943 for the benefit of the Pacific theater. There are some indigenous primitive tribes on this island. Before the U.S. Marine Corps came to the island, they had no chance to contact foreign civilizations. They only stayed on one island, accompanied by blue sky, seagulls, and endless waves every day. The inhabitants of the island have always lived a difficult life.


    After the U.S. Marine Corps landed on the island, they brought such advanced science and technology all at once. The indigenous people saw that the planes flying bang bang landed on the newly built airstrip and brought a large number of materials. Of particular interest to the natives is the fact that the planes brought in all kinds of food so that those who wore strange clothes could eat such good food every day with almost no labor. They feel that all the secrets come from those planes. The planes can automatically produce all kinds of food, just like the mythical "cornucopia".


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    But it didn''t take long for the U.S. military to abandon the island for strategic reasons. The indigenous people watched with mixed feelings as those "gods" disappeared into the vast blue sky and blue sea on the plane. This small island was quickly forgotten by modern civilization, and no one paid any attention to its existence. However, the island and its original aboriginal people will never forget the deep impression that modern civilization has brought on them.


    Decades later, when an expedition landed on this small island, they were amazed by the scene before them: the inhabitants of these islands, by memory, made a model of an airplane out of grass and trees and made a model of an airplane. An airstrip-like road was built in front of this model aircraft. Not only that, but these residents also hold grand religious sacrifices next to the airplane model every year, eagerly looking forward to the "gods" who drive airplanes to visit the island again. Undoubtedly, the U.S. Marines and planes have become "gods" and "artifacts" in the eyes of the islanders. Those old people, whenever they do sacrifices, will tell the younger generation such a "myth": a certain year, some gods, riding on flying dragons, came to this island...


    From this real process of creating gods, how should we understand ancient myths and ancient gods?


    German linguist Father Schmidt has long noticed that in the religions of the Indian and European peoples, the root of the word "Supreme God" (God) means to shine. The gods of many peoples of the world come from the sky or are associated with meanings such as light, lightning, etc. For example, the word "God" in the Bible means "people from the sky" in ancient Hebrew.


    In Chinese oracle bone inscriptions, the word "Shen" is written as "Zaozi", which is like a lightning bolt, which indicates that the ancients associated gods with things like lightning and fire in the sky when creating characters, which is similar to the "God" in the Indo-European language. "The root of the word is the same. We take out several characteristics of the "god" in the original mythology: the sky-lightning-god, and to connect them is: the god drives a lightning bolt and descends from the sky. The most representative expression is in the biblical Gospel of Mark, where Jesus said: "The Son of Man came from the clouds with great power and brilliance." This easily reminds us of a spaceship that is descending.


    The idea that God comes from the sky is also manifested in the religious ceremonies of the nations of the world. The oldest form of religion in China is the worship of the Emperor of Heaven, and its highest ritual is Mount Tai offering sacrifices to the sky. Tai (Tai) Mountain worships the sky, which means that its shape is high and close to the sky. This idea has been around since ancient times. "Book of Rites Sacrificial Law," says: "Burn wood on the altar of Tai, and sacrifice to heaven." Tai here does not refer to Mount Tai, but the high altar. The Temple of Heaven where later emperors offered sacrifices to heaven was generally raised from the ground to match the ancient meaning of "Tai Tan".


    Not only in China, but almost all ethnic groups in the world have altars raised from the ground, and fire must be raised in high places to offer sacrifices, just like the ancient Persian Zoroastrianism that originated in more than 600 BC. On the high platform, and to use fire, like some Indian tribes in America, every sacrifice must have a fire.


    After listing a lot of evidence, Daniken, the author of "Car of the Gods", directly put forward the view that God is an astronaut. He believes that in ancient times, a group of highly intelligent aliens drove spaceships to the earth. The primitive earthlings were shocked by the huge flash and roar of the spaceship''s propulsion system, and called them "gods". In mythology, preserved within carvings and frescoes, this is the origin of the gods.


    After a systematic analysis of myths, we believe that when "God" came to this earth, there was no human in the modern sense on earth at all, only many animals of various kinds, and it was God who created human beings. When the "God" got along with the created man for some time, the "God" left the man. Mythology is a record of this memory. This inference may be consistent with the consistency of the myth of all mankind.

 Chapter 9 Strange Religious Psychology

    For some unknown reason, almost all people of different nationalities in the world have innate religious psychology or a religious need! That is to say, although we are closely surrounded by modern science on the surface, plastic products, chemicals, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, computers, cars, airplanes, trains, etc., have invaded almost every living space of us. , but the strange thing is that these scientific achievements have only scientificity in our appearance, while in our bones, we are still religious.


    When it comes to religious psychology, all ethnic groups in the world are different, and the Chinese people''s psychology is even more strange.


    the ungodly believer


    China has no state religion, that''s a fact!


    In China, in addition to local religions, many religions in the world have been introduced to China. Buddhism was introduced to China in the tenth year of Yongping, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty, that is, around AD 67; ### Religion was introduced in the second year of Yonghui, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, that is, AD It was introduced into China in 651; Christianity was introduced into China during the Zhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty; Zoroastrianism was introduced into China in the 3rd century AD; Taoism is China''s native religion, founded in the first year of Hanjin, that is, in 142 AD... But it has developed and developed. It is just that no religion can form a climate that unifies the country. Almost all of them are developing in parallel, wandering on the fringes of Chinese religious consciousness.


    Why is this so? Do the Chinese have no religious needs? The religious needs of the Chinese people are very strong. No matter what religion is introduced, as long as it is introduced, some people will believe, some believers, some believe in Buddhism, some belief in Christ, and some believe in Allah. In addition, Chinese people are more of folk beliefs, mountain gods, earth, spirits, ghosts, stars in the sky, grass and trees on the ground, living good people, dead bad people... As long as it works, the Chinese believe in everything. Often just after worshipping the Bodhisattva, I immediately worship Laojun again. On the way home, I may also go to the Temple of the Earth. After returning home, I will first worship a stick of incense in front of the statues of the God of Wealth and Guan Gong, and then turn around and kneel before my ancestors. Before the spirit.


    Believe in blindness, and lose yourself in blindness, this is the Chinese!


    During the Qi and Liang Dynasties of the Southern Dynasties, there was a man named Zhang Rong, who left an order when he was about to die: "In his left hand he holds "The Book of Filial Piety" and "Lao Tzu", and in his right hand he holds "Sketches" and "The Lotus Sutra". As we all know, "The Book of Filial Piety" is a Confucian thing, "Lao Zi" is Taoist things, "Xiaoping" and "Fahua Jing" are Buddhist things. He wants to tell people: I believe everything.


    The Chinese believe in everything and nothing, this is also a fact!


    During the Song Dynasty, there was a major drought in Xinchang County for one year. This year, he took a group of people to the White Crane Temple to worship, praying for heavy rain to relieve the drought of the Li people. He knelt on the ground and prayed sincerely, but the sky was still clear and there was no wind. Yang Yuanguang was patient and prayed again very devoutly. The sky was still scorching hot, and there was not even a single cloud. When Yang Yuanguang prayed for the third time and still no movement, a burst of anger rushed to his forehead, and he yelled: "What a god you are, you have eaten up the offerings of the people in vain, and you don''t even do such a thing. I want you to pay me back." what''s the point? After scolding, he ordered to smash the statue and demolish the shrine. This is the typical attitude of the Chinese towards folk religions. If you are spiritual, you will believe; if you are not, you will be destroyed. Therefore, the gods of the people are all short-lived ghosts.


    There is a mountain in the east of Taiyuan, Shanxi. It was called Yashan in the Tang Dynasty. Whenever there was a severe drought in this area, the locals set fire to the mountain. The raging fire and the billowing smoke rose into the air. This is very strange, fire should not be set during drought, because fire and water do not mix. But the locals have a local saying that according to legend, the mountain god of Yashan married the daughter of Hebo, the god of the Yellow River. In this way, setting fire to the mountain makes too much sense. Together with the fire, the God of the Yellow River can''t watch his daughter be burned alive. The father and daughter are deeply in love, and they will bring the water of the Yellow River to save their daughter. In this way, Will the drought be lifted? While we admire the cleverness of the locals, we are also a little dumbfounded. What is this? It''s like the "kidnapping" of the underworld, calling his parents and telling his parents, if you don''t come, I will "tear up the ticket".


    Don''t think that this is just a special case. This tradition has always existed in ancient China. There is a record in "Shan Hai Jing" that "Nu Chou exposes the corpse". Nv Chou is a sorcerer. , It is probable that the female ugly was pushed to the sun by the tribe and died alive without praying for rain. People think like this: aren''t wizards capable of psychic powers? You can leave it alone if you bask in the gods, but if you let the agent of the gods take care of you, you will be killed all of a sudden. It can be seen that this kind of mentality is inherent in the Chinese people.


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    Some people say that because the Chinese have become very utilitarian in the agricultural economy, they should write if they are useful. But China is by no means the only agricultural economy in the world. So, are they also very utilitarian to religion? Some people say that China does not have a unified religion because China has a profound culture, and the theories of Laozi, Confucius, and other sages can provide the ultimate concern, so there is no need to believe in anything else. But ancient Greece also had very developed humanistic theories. Why did its descendants believe in the Orthodox Church?


    From the above facts, we can conclude: that Chinese people have strong religious feelings, but there is no religious form in history that can fully express such feelings. We are still looking for it to this day. The Chinese are very special. They are special after they have seen the sublime and great.


    When China''s religious consciousness cannot find a suitable form of expression, it will instead worship the real self. In the hearts of Chinese people, there is always such a voice: If there is no god outside the heart, I am holy! Chinese people worship. Therefore, in Taoist theology, hundreds of immortals are all dead people, but they are ghosts. There are no gods in China, and the big ghosts are gods.


    There is another proof: many religions in the world are studying the problem of what to do after death, but only Chinese Taoism is trying to study how people can not die! In order not to die, the Chinese have almost tried their best to alchemy elixir, seek immortality medicine, practice in the room, fasten food and eat qi... Even native Chinese medicine - traditional Chinese medicine, is also a kind of health care medicine. Of course, in real life, it is impossible for people not to die. When their ancestors die, and their fathers die, people live on during death. However, the fact that generation after generation has died has not weakened the Chinese people''s desire for longevity. In the absence of physical immortality, the Chinese turn to spiritual immortality. The Confucian pursuit of meritorious deeds, virtue, and speech is itself a desire for spiritual immortality.


    Ancestor worship is no stranger to any Chinese. During the Qingming Festival and the Spring Festival, our parents would take us to hold various sacrificial activities, put some offerings on the ancestors¡¯ spiritual places and cemeteries, and burn a few pieces of paper money. Burning a few incense sticks, mourning, along with the curling light smoke, accompanied by the sound of sobbing, went away in the air, all the way to the world of the soul. Nowadays, many people do not understand the true meaning of ancestor worship, and always think that ancestor worship is to express their thoughts for their loved ones. The real meaning of ancestor worship is the pursuit of long-term desire.


    When our fathers lead us to worship our ancestors, it is not only to remind the next generation to remember our ancestors, but more importantly, our fathers are setting an example for us, which means: boy, look good! Today I brought you to sacrifice to my father, then in a hundred years from me, you will bring your son to sacrifice to me. In this way, although the Chinese died physically, they gained eternal life in the worship of their ancestors. They should perform filial piety during the festivals, report to their ancestors when important events happened in the family, and pray to their ancestors in case of difficulties. The lives of ancestors and children and grandchildren are closely linked. Together, this is immortality in a way.


    Chinese people worship life itself! Every life is unique and sacred.


    "Zuo Zhuan" text in the first year of the year, "In the tenth month of winter, the king was surrounded by palace armor. The king asked to eat a bear and died, but he couldn''t listen. Ding Wei, the king was hanged, and the posthumous name was Ling, but he was not angry; The posthumous title is a representation of the continuation of the dead. When a person dies on the earth, only the posthumous title remains in the world. Therefore, after the death of Duke Cheng, he still cares about him very much. manner. There are many stories in the pre-Tang Zhiwei novels that would rather steal one''s life than be a fairy or a god after death. "The Legend of the Immortals" contains: "Mr. Baishi, a disciple of Huangzhangren, up to Pengzu, who is more than two thousand years old, refuses to cultivate the way of ascending to heaven, but only takes it without death, without losing the happiness of the world.  ¡­ Peng Zu asked about it. Said, why not take the medicine for ascending to heaven? The answer is, the rejuvenation in heaven is like the human world, but don¡¯t let old age die.¡± The same book also states: that Ma Mingsheng did not die when he was killed. Not happy to ascend to heaven, but taking half a dose, as earth immortal, living in the world forever."


    Chinese people always want to live a long life in their bones, but this desire is not because of fear of death, but because of seeking and finding the form that can make their hearts sustenance. But what exactly are the Chinese looking for?


    The above-mentioned characteristics of belief in China also deeply affect people''s social psychology and behavior. Although many people criticize the Chinese for being servile, in their bones, the Chinese are extremely individualistic and extremely independent, and it is difficult for them to unify their thoughts. Since the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism, the rulers wanted to unify people''s thinking to Confucianism, but more than 2,000 years later, we are still advocating it, why? Just because the goal is never achieved. Anything that is repeatedly advocated will always be extremely lacking in heart. Because Chinese people have never been willing to mold themselves according to a certain unified standard (such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, faith, etc.), it is really painful, and everyone subconsciously wants to live their own lives.


    At this point, Laozi understands the Chinese better than Confucius. He opposes Confucius'' unified standard and advocates that people should live a "simple and simple" life. Any standard or standard is nonsense. When Confucius went to visit Lao Tzu, Lao Tzu said as soon as they met: "Confucius, the ancient sages you mentioned in your conversation have been dead for a long time. I am afraid that even the bones in the ground have rotted away. Only these words are left. It is passed down to the world. Smart people should have the ability to adapt to society. If they are born at the right time, they will drive to work; if they are not born at the right time, they will be like basil, floating in the wind and free.¡±